Design & Development of Smart Fire Safety System for Vehicles Using IOT

Abstract

Today, fire accidents often occur in homes and industrial environments, where climate change and human negligence can be predicted. The proposed prototype is designed to detect such fire accidents and remotely extinguish the fire from the user, thus reducing the risk to firefighters. The main idea of this concept is to propose a model that focuses on the cost-effective design and implementation of an automatic fire protection system for electric vehicles. In this system, the fire extinguisher is activated when it detects flame/smoke in the vehicle fire area and extinguishes the fire automatically. There are many reasons for an electric vehicle that can cause fire accidents. The main cause of electric car fires is the battery used in them. There have been many cases of cars catching fire for the reasons mentioned above and ending with the entire vehicle reduced to ashes. The installation of an automatic extinguishing system allows to minimize the financial losses that can arise from a fire and to increase the safety level of the vehicle, passengers and other road users.

Introduction

I.  INTRODUCTION

Fire accident is a very common phenomenon in our country. Many fortunes and lives are at stake. As a developing country, we do not have  modern technology to solve this problem. The core sector of firefighting has limits to overcome. Sometimes the police, army comes to help them in the shooting. But that is not enough. Electric vehicle batteries introduce new safety challenges to the vehicle development process, and rigorous testing must be performed to ensure  minimal fire risk. Research has shown that electrical systems are among the top four causes of car fires.  The purpose of the proposed system is to build a controllable vehicle that can be installed in a domestic or industrial environment and that alerts the user in case of fire. The user can drive this vehicle  by controlling the  mobile phone  to the designated place where there is a fire accident  and spray water  to extinguish the fire by controlling the mobile phone. The user can also control the speed, amount and  direction of the water while spraying. The developed vehicle can be remotely monitored from the mobile screen to control the movement of the vehicle and thus the user can interact with it to  extinguish the fire effectively. IoT (Internet of Things) integration allows the guided vehicle to organize, analyze and process data, allowing the user to make optimal decisions in real time.  In this way, possible damages caused by fire can be significantly reduced before the arrival of the  extinguishing unit, and the risk of the participation of the extinguishing team can also be minimized. The probability of human loss and/or injury in a typical car fire accident can be reduced by an automatic door opening system. However, firefighters are  people who dedicate themselves to extinguishing fires even at the cost of their lives. So this research aims to minimize human involvement to prevent fire accidents.

II. PROBLEM DEFINITION

1. Studies have shown that electrical systems are among the top four causes of car fires. Many people think that only full electric and hybrid vehicle batteries are problematic and can cause fires.
2. A few years ago, at the end of 2013, the Tesla Model S, recognized by the media as the safest car in the world, caught fire 
3. The concerns and risks related to electric or hybrid cars  are by no means over. Every new design or model  comes with even more risks. It may take some time for these high profile events to fade from many people's minds.

a. Battery overcharging

b. Battery electrolyte leakage

c. Short circuit in electric components

d. Road crash

III. OBJECTIVES

1. To study the available literature and study the automatic fire safety system with IOT communication.
2. The main goal of our project is to detect  fire accidents and  inform the nearest authorities, who will reach you faster.
3. All  sensors are connected to the central controller, whenever  fire is detected, the controller activates  water sprinklers, alarms.
4. An IOT module is integrated into the system, through which data is sent to the cloud and is available to all authorities. departments Things speech cloud is used in the prototype.
5. Developing the experimental organization of the study
6. Analysing the result.

IV. LITERATURE SURVEY

Vehicle motion is dictated by a combination of sensor-based inputs and user control. When the fire  detection sensor detects a fire, the signal is immediately transmitted to the controller. The IOT modules are activated to notify the user of a fire accident. Once the alarm is received, the user can direct the vehicle to the desired location to extinguish the fire using the Blynk software and built-in camera module. A servo motor connected to the extinguishing hose can control the direction and amount of sprayed water. The controls for the servo motors are included with the user. The proposed fire truck is designed to run on the Internet of Things (IoT), allowing the user to control the fire from anywhere.

1. Anij Joseph John et al. [01] conducted an experimental study on "Automatic Fire Fighting Robot Vehicle". This robot is defined as a mechanical structure capable of performing human tasks or behaving like a human. Building a robot requires expertise and complex programming. It's all about building the system and connecting the motors, sensors, wires and other important components. A firefighter robot is a robot with a small fire extinguisher attached. By attaching a small fire extinguisher to the robot, the automation extinguished the fire under human control. Firefighters face dangerous situations while fighting fires and rescuing victims, it is an inevitable part of being a firefighter. In contrast, a robot can operate autonomously or be remotely controlled, meaning that extinguishing and rescue operations can be carried out without endangering firefighters, using robotic technology instead.
2. Choton Kanti Das and others. [02] conducted a study on the design and implementation of a "failure multi-detector based automatic fire extinguishing system". The main objective of this article was to propose an automatic fire extinguishing system that eliminates the shortcomings of the prior art and allows easy installation or removal of the system in the area where automatic extinguishing should occur and ignite. flexible arrangement of gas jet nozzles according to the size and shape of the area. However, since such conventional automatic fire extinguishing systems require a complex gas piping system  from the gas bomb to the gas jet nozzles, piping costs and installation are expensive.
3. Andrzej ?ebkowski [03] did an experimental research on "Fire extinguishing system of electric vehicles". The presented electric vehicle fire extinguishing system, based on the information available from temperature, flame  and shock sensors, can warn the  driver about a fire in the vehicle and take immediate preventive measures. The advantage of the fire suppression system  over  other solutions that are limited to disconnecting the battery is that it can continue to respond in an attempt to extinguish an active fire. The fire extinguishing system of an electric vehicle can communicate with other diagnostic and monitoring systems, including remote notification of emergency services and remote diagnosis of electric vehicles.
4. Swetha Sampath [04] conducted a study on hardware based "Automatic Fire Extinguisher Robot". The robot in this article detects a temperature of approximately 300°C in an oven using a thermocouple. IC 71 was used as both  comparator and  amplifier. The amplified direct voltage is converted to alternating current by means of a DC-AC transformer. The alternating voltage  generated in this way supplies  the water pump with power. In general, water or other substitutes such as foam and carbon dioxide can also be used to extinguish the fire. Obstacle avoiders and motion sensors were used to avoid  obstacles and move in all directions depending on the intensity of the fire. The robot is protected by calcium silicate plates to withstand very high temperatures.
5. Rafat Shams et al. [05]  developed a model "Automated fire extinguishing system with GSM alarm". This article presents requirements, specifications, design issues and solutions for a compliant fire suppression system project. Firefighting is an important and dangerous job. A firefighter can  extinguish a fire quickly, preventing damage and reducing losses. Technology has bridged the gap between firefighting and machinery with some effective methods. The aim of this thesis was to create a system that can detect  and extinguish a fire in the shortest possible time with some effective factors. In this case, the purpose of the system is to extinguish the fire before it spreads, increasing the safety of the home, laboratory, office, factory and building  important for human life.

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM

VI. WORKING

1. When a fire starts, the sensors on the top of the model detect the fire. The smoke sensor and photo sensor detect fire smoke, and the flame sensor detects the actual fire by determining the temperature of the environment and its operating range.
2. The sensors then send a signal to the Arduino (microprocessor). The microprocessor then reads the data transmitted by the sensors and processes it.
3. With the help of a program given to the microprocessor, the microprocessor controls various actuators according to the information taken from the sensors.
4. When the data is taken from the smoke detector, the microprocessor  only controls the buzzer, IOT module and LCD screen. And after the data is taken from the sensor,  the microprocessor controls the buzzer, the LCD screen, the IOT module and also  the DC pump.
5. When the DC pump starts, its pump starts drawing water from the storage water tank device. And the spray of water falls into the fire zone of the electric car.

VII. COMPONENTS

• Arduino Uno Controller
• LCD Display
• Buzzer
• Power supply unit
• Battery
• DC Pump
• Smoke sensor
• Water Tabj
• Photoelectric sensor
• Nozzle
• Development Board
• Relay Board
• IOT Module
• Others

A. Arduino Uno

Conclusion

This invention of Automatic Fire Extinguishing System is effective and it is well within the reach of every person. 1) If considerable amount of time is spent on its further research and development, it could really prove to be an effective product in the fire safety department. 2) This system is applicable to the different sizes of fire extinguisher and high controlling capability over them. 3) The simple design of it allows minimum of maintenance work. 4) After installation of this system, there will not be any disturbance and uneasiness to the driver and also to the passengers. Assurance that fire outbreak has no more fatal consequences in the automobile and especially in electric vehicles where the thousands of battery cells powering the vehicle tend to overheat, catch fire and explode brings new quality to road transport safety. System derived from sound reasoning ideas have been implemented and can be tested, using embedded and sensor based technology. Automobile fire can be detected and extinguished effectively without driver\'s intervention and is devoid of false alarms based on current testing. This multi-sensor fire detection and control is a useful low cost sophisticated system, which can also be tested and deployed on other systems where air-conditioners can be installed. With system\'s excellent performance under 20 seconds, it is expected that system will pose no threat to human life although more extensive testing might be needed. Moreover, building an incorporated functionality that deals with prognosis of the health of sensors will be beneficial to the real-time detection and control of in-vehicle fires and serve as mode for preventive maintenance.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Shubhangi Gondane, Swapnil R. Mahurpaw, Tauqeer N. Pathan, Pratik N. Khudsange, Vaibhav T. Puri, Umesh M. Ambule, Shubham S. Patle. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.